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Floor and ceiling performance was corrected by adding or subtracting half an item (Green & Swets, 1966).
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Experiences using the questionnaire and its reported shortcomings, such as cross-cultural non-equivalence, difficulties with some word meanings, floor and ceiling effects, poor performance of the two Role Function scales and standard layout, were used as a basis for implementing changes in the second version (v.2) of the SF-36, in use since 1996 [ 8].
Item performance, particularly floor and ceiling effects (together with item-total correlation data), suggested that four items on the attitude domain were performing poorly from a psychometric standpoint.
An evaluation of floor and ceiling effects was also performed.
These new floor and ceiling items will particularly help to improve instrument performance in populations concentrated at one or the other extreme end of functioning.
All scales of Skindex-29 had small floor and ceiling effects (≤5%), while emotions and functioning scales of Skindex-16 had mild floor and ceiling effects (>10%).
Mild floor and ceiling effects were noted for the scales of functioning and emotions of Skindex-16, while no floor or ceiling effect was observed for Skindex-29.
Floor and ceiling effects were also evaluated.
Floor and ceiling effects were negligible.
Floor and ceiling effects were considered to be present if they exceeded 15%[34]].
Braces transmit horizontal forces from floor and ceiling surfaces to the foundation.
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