Three different flooding ratios for water to emulsion (oil-in-water) slugs were investigated here using an unconsolidated sand pack as a model porous medium.
This article deals with the performance of a randomly packed distillation column depending on the effective vapor liquid interfacial area (ae) and the flood ratio (%Fl).
Among the 319 recorded floods, there were 771 deaths in the year before flooding and 693 deaths in the year after (post-/pre-flood ratio of 0.90, 95% CI 0.82, 1.00).
The target over-flooding ratio (OX4319L to wild-type males entering the population) was set at 10 1.
As expected, low rates of OX4319L male releases alone – over-flooding ratio of up to 5 1 – did not prevent rapid population growth under these conditions.
In Treatments 2 and 3 low-OX4319LL release treatments), the intended over-flooding ratio was 5 1 (transgenic: wild-type males).
Here, OX4319L male release, with a high over-flooding ratio of up to 40 1, maintained a high level of control.
With such MS strains applied against isolated populations, as reported here, local eradication of the target pest is achievable as the over-flooding ratio increases as the target population falls.
From this data an estimate of the eclosion rates in the main cage was made, from which the number of OX4319L males required to achieve the respective over-flooding ratio for each cage was calculated.
This over-flooding ratio was calculated as 10× the mean male recruitment rate for the 3 weeks preceding OX4319L male introduction, and the numbers released were held constant for the remainder of the experiment (Cage 2: 990 OX4319L males; Cage 4: 980 OX4319L males).
In stable target populations reared on artificial diet and an initial OX4319L over-flooding ratio of approximately 10 1, reduced numbers of females and suppression of the populations' reproductive capacity became evident approximately two generations after OX4319L male releases were initiated and these populations fell rapidly to extinction thereafter (after approximately three generations).
