Among the 319 recorded floods, there were 771 deaths in the year before flooding and 693 deaths in the year after (post-/pre-flood ratio of 0.90, 95% CI 0.82, 1.00).
Three different flooding ratios for water to emulsion (oil-in-water) slugs were investigated here using an unconsolidated sand pack as a model porous medium.
This distance-based delay is expected to improve flooding delivery ratio given that nodes providing a bigger additional coverage will retransmit before the remaining.
According to the relative permeability curves during water flooding and polymer flooding, the mobility ratio (M), the fractional flow of water (f w), and the rate of increase of fractional water flow with water saturation (df w/dS w) could be obtained in the fractional flow equation (Romero-Zeron et al. 2009; Torabi et al. 2013).
Polymer flood reduced mobility ratio to 0.34 for the 220 cP oil, and 3.2 for the more viscous crude.
Open image in new window Fig. 5 Water saturation profile at different stages of the water flooding process (aspect ratio, h 2/Y = 0.375, frequency of measurements, f = 15 days, distance of obstacle, d/X = 2/14) Open image in new window Fig. 6 Optimal injection and production flow rates (h 2/Y = 0.375, f = 15 days, d/X = 2/14).
Neither did examination of the flood area O/E ratios by individual week reveal any clear pattern of variation by time from the flood event.
For the former, the network connectedness was evaluated by calculating the "gamma index of connectivity" and "alpha index of circuitry"; for the latter, the ratio of flood-control capacity to projected flood level was devised and calculated.
To estimate flood probabilities, the frequency ratio (FR) approach was combined with RS and GIS.
For the broadcast flood pattern the delivery ratio is calculated as the sum of all unique messages that arrived at the nodes divided by the number of messages injected in the network and the number of receiver nodes in the network: (1).
