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Flood height and flood duration are the limiting factors and determine the position of the closed-forest border, which is generally located where the height of the water column reaches between 7.5 and 8 m or 228 days of flooding per year on average.
Flood height and width were measured based on flood marks on the river bank.
Like the other wetland effects these flood height reductions on roads were highly variable.
Next, annual flood height exceedance probabilities were estimated at all the locations for over 2000 events using the flood model.
They describe the damage likely to a structure based on the flood height and the type of the structure.
A flood height-dependent extension of the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) threshold is proposed as the lower-limit TWI for zones with flood height greater than a given value.
Similar(40)
More extensive river restoration, for example in 20-25% of the total river length, resulted in a reduction in flood peak height of up to 20%.
"If the delivery of a single large 'packet' of water can be significantly delayed it will then arrive at the main river after the peak of the flood, and thus the main flood peak height has less 'packets' of water in it and is lower". The best results come, he says, when rivers are partly dammed and a forest is allowed to grow on the floodplain.
This calibration is performed for different values of flood depth in order to investigate the correlation between the flood height-dependent TWI threshold and the flood depth conditioned on return period, through simple linear regression.
This procedure, that starts from a consolidated geomorphic algorithm, relies on calibrating the flood height-dependent TWI threshold through maximum likelihood estimation and inundation maps carried out at micro-scale level for a given spatial window.
Wetlands reduced flood heights and damages in 80% of the region and increased flood heights and damages in 20% of the region.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com