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They can teach your younger hens and maintain a more stable flock structure.
A more accurate representation of flock structure and transmission patterns would likely increase this threshold.
The animals with classic scrapie were not matched for age, breed, or flock structure with animals with atypical scrapie.
The most economical and effective means of preventing non-viral diseases is improved management and nutrition, of which the most important aspects are hygiene, housing, flock structure, and young chick care and feeding.
Contact calls are considered an important, species-specific, social trait, as shown in previous studies for the genus Zosterops, suggesting a function for the maintenance of flock structure as well as for mate recognition [ 33, 34].
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The frequency at which R0 <1 occurs depends on the distribution of scrapie resistance over flocks, and on the contact structure between flocks and farms.
Thirdly, we assume that the contact structure of flocks of similar species and size composition is constant, which in some situations may not be the case due to farm-to-farm variation in husbandry systems.
Lesser Yellowlegs usually travel in small, loosely structured flocks, but concentrations of thousands are seen at preferred foraging sites during migration and at their main wintering areas in Suriname.
These instances were unique and may have occurred due to chance or to adverse conditions prevailing in these flocks such as high frequency of susceptible animals and/or age structure of the flocks.
During that period they become habituated to the social structure of the flock and learn the meanings of various calls.
Questions related to structure of the flock were asked for C0 and C2006 to check if changes had occurred.
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