Sentence examples for flight expenditures from inspiring English sources

It provides insurance against starvation during periods of food shortage, but increases energetic flight expenditures and reduces predator escape performance [ 4, 5].

In a lengthy file of documents released by Mr. Sanford's legal team to the legislature, his lawyers noted that the vast majority of flights and campaign expenditures reviewed by the ethics commission had produced no questions.

Because flight increases energy expenditure by approximately 50% during the migratory period, natural selection should favor morphology and behavior that decrease these costs to the extent that opposing selective pressures allow [3] [4].

Implications of floral orientation for flight kinematics and metabolic expenditure of hover-feeding hummingbirds.

He showed me the team's original "daily diary", explaining how it was created to track the flight paths and energy expenditure of condors.

For simplicity, we assume that the bee is not able change its flight speed, or energetic expenditure during flight in response to fluctuating environmental conditions.

Another suggestion is that bees have a fixed limit to their lifetime flight time or energy expenditure [27], and maximizing efficiency would use this constraint most effectively [28].

Preliminary data on the relationship between heart rate and energy expenditure during flight in Swainson's Thrushes (Bowlin et al. unpubl. data) suggests that this variation in heart rate would represent approximately a 22.7% and a 15.6% variation in predicted energy expenditure, respectively.

Flight represents a significant expenditure of energy [ 48, 49] that could affect longevity.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the influence of seasonal temperature and energy expenditure on flight membrane healing times in bats.

Selection may favour shorter FIDs when increased vigilance and wariness is associated with increased energetic costs, such as the reduction of foraging time or increase in energetic expenditure during flight responses.