At present Sainsbury's is leading the way in developing a flexible cost-of-production model as the basis for paying its dairy farmers.
Since this is a NP-hard problem, some algorithms from Evolutionary Computation were considered, working over a mathematical model that allows the definition of flexible cost functions that can take into account several measures of the network behaviour, such as network congestion and end-to-end delays.
But the flexible, cost-squeezing nature of the economy is giving way to something more hardened and expensive.
The Clean Power Plan, however, defines the "best system of emission reduction" more broadly, by taking advantage of flexible, cost-effective strategies that power companies already use to produce the most electricity at the least cost, and to meet current air pollution control requirements.
Sir Martin said such flexible costs, which amount to 7percentt of revenue, could be easily cut if need be.
In the short term, we should de-emphasize that approach in favor of more flexible, cost-effective approaches in community-based education.
There is a need for more flexible, cost-effective and customised forms of exercise rehabilitation which can be conducted at any suitable location.
"In the current economic climate, with rising energy and rent bills and a freeze on many incomes, food is sometimes one of the few flexible costs".
For the reusable flexible scopes, the cost of purchase, tax write-off (amortization), insurance policy, repairs, and decontamination procedures were included (Additional file 1: Table S1).
The increase in flexibility of the fibrous material makes it stronger, but the randomness of fiber orientation makes the fibrous structure more flexible at the cost of lower strength.
The system is flexible and has low cost of implementation.
