What ought to be spectacular set pieces (Lysander crossing no man's land; a Zeppelin attack on London) are hurried along in a flat, outline-ish prose: "[He] looked up just in time to see a window embrasure topple outwards and drag down the half wall beneath it".
The Stulberg classification, which originally contained 5 classes, was modified into a 3-group classification, where hips in group A (Stulberg classes I and II) had spherical femoral heads, those in group B (Stulberg III) had ovoid femoral heads, and hips in group C (Stulberg classes IV and V) had flat outlines of the femoral head.
The earliest pieces are dreamy, flat, sharply outlined book illustrations that he produced in 1907 while he was involved with the Wiener Werkstätte.
According to many critics, Lucian Freud started making great paintings only after he let go of drawing: abandoning flat, crisply outlined figures for massively fleshy nudes nourished by a full brush.
Then the designer Rossella Jardini added color, first as basic shades like blue, red and yellow, then as florals that changed from flat-plane outlines of daisy shapes to a conglomeration of florals.
Subsequent freedom from attachment, as in the scallops (Pectinidae), is associated with an almost circular outline, flat upper and cup-shaped lower valves, a deep radial sculpture, and, typically, bright coloration (Pecten).
On the other hand, Roy Lichtenstein brought to fine art the devices of commercial printing: Benday dots, bold outlining, flat areas of shrill color.
The thick outlines, flat fields of brilliant colour and brutality of the drawing are typical of posters, the scale that of billboards.
The earliest and boldest works reflect the impact of four years of study in Paris (1908-12), where Zorach saw the work of the Fauves and began to paint landscapes in strong, flat colors, often outlined in black.
