Heretofore, the basic assumption in the previous sections was that the environment is flat, obstacle-free and uniform.
Considering a flat, obstacle-free and uniform environment in the first step, we focused on the informal infrastructure formation on complex terrains.
The designed virtual environment in this system was homogeneous, flat, obstacle-free and has a uniform surface that was constructed from a 150 × 100 grid to simulate the walking environment.
We believe that the formation mechanism of trail system patterns in a flat, obstacle-free and uniform environment is the same as the trail system formation mechanism in a simple topology of nodes.
In an ideal condition, and if the human movement surface is flat, obstacle-free and uniform, the problem of finding a minimum-energy expenditure path for an individual is considered equal to the problem of finding the shortest path from the origin to the destination node.
To find a compromise in the flat, obstacle-free and uniform environment, a pedestrian tries to determine the answer of the following questions in the continuous process of route planning from origin to destination: To what degree is the candidate common track consolidated?
A 15 m flat, obstacle-free corridor, with chairs placed at either end, was used.
But as real estate prices continue relatively flat, one obstacle has become more prevalent: Co-op boards are rejecting sales outright if they deem the price of the apartment to be too low.
FAC score is as follows: 0, not walking independently; 1, assistance of one person; 2, verbal support; 3, independent on the flat ground; 4, obstacle assistance; 5, completely independent.
The PRP for flat sections of obstacles is formed by means of only three probabilistic parameters--the probability of absorption (pA), reflection (pRT) and diffuse scattering (pDS --which can be obtained on the basis of measurement and compDS --whichisation.
Figure 3 The PRP for flat sections of an obstacle and a corner.
