Sentence examples for flat lengths from inspiring English sources

Likewise, the Vietnamese grill a delicately flavored shrimp mousse on broad, flat lengths of sugar cane.

The maximum vertical impact forces versus axle load with different flat lengths are plotted in Fig. 12b.

Typical vertical wheel rail impact force history curves induced by different flat lengths at the train speed of 200 km/h are plotted in Fig. 9a.

Four different flat lengths (i.e., 20, 40, 60 and 80 mm) were selected to study the influence of flat length on the vertical wheel rail impact response, where the axle load was fixed at 17 t.

The non-monotonic relationships between the maximum vertical impact force and train speed for all flat lengths are clearly presented, and the peak values of maximum vertical impact forces occur at train speed of 150 km/h for the flat length less than or equal to 60 mm, while the peak value induced by the wheel flat occurs at the train speed of 200 km/h for the 80-mm flat spot.

For the flat lengths of 20, 40 and 60 mm, the impact point locates next the flat tip at the train speed of 150 m/s, thus generating the peak value at this speed; however, for the flat length of 80 mm, it takes the more time for the impact point to close the flat tip; thus, a higher speed of 200 km/h is required.

It is obvious that the maximum vertical impact force induced by wheel flat increases with the flat length, and the peak value of the maximum vertical impact force is 400 kN for the flat length of 80 mm.

The maximum vertical impact force nonlinearly increases with the flat length, and the influence of flat length on the maximum vertical impact force seems to be significant within the speed range from 150 to 250 km/h.

Open image in new window Fig. 10 Maximum von Mises equivalent stress versus a function of flat length Open image in new window Fig. 11 Maximum equivalent plastic strain versus flat length.

Influences of the train speed, flat length and axle load on the vertical wheel-rail impact response were discussed, respectively.

Open image in new window Fig. 9 Influence of flat length on the vertical wheel rail impact response.