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For the finite width ring, solutions are given in figures as a function of the flat length L.
Strength gain per unit increase in area by 1) increasing thickness, increases with increasing curvature radius and decreases with increasing flat length; 2) increasing flat length, increases with increasing thickness; while the decrease in strength per unit decrease in area by increasing curvature radius decreases with increasing thickness.
This paper investigates the effect of cross-section thickness, flat length and curvature of end parts, on the load capacity of fixed ended LDSS (Lean Duplex Stainless Steel) flat oval stub columns, using the commercial finite element software, Abaqus.
It is shown that magnitudes of impact load and ground vibration are increasing with increasing wheel flat length (and depth), but the influence of vehicle speed is not as evident.
The effect of flat length on the load capacity, for thinner sections, is found to be relatively insignificant, however for thicker sections, an increase in load capacity is observed, with the slope of increment getting relatively higher as the thickness increases.
The maximum vertical impact force nonlinearly increases with the flat length, and the influence of flat length on the maximum vertical impact force seems to be significant within the speed range from 150 to 250 km/h.
Similar(30)
Likewise, the Vietnamese grill a delicately flavored shrimp mousse on broad, flat lengths of sugar cane.
The maximum vertical impact forces versus axle load with different flat lengths are plotted in Fig. 12b.
Typical vertical wheel rail impact force history curves induced by different flat lengths at the train speed of 200 km/h are plotted in Fig. 9a.
Geometric characteristics including street width, ramp lengths, top flat crown length and height, and 4672 spot speed observations of 23 implemented RPCs were considered.
The klystron system was replaced with a new one consisting of a 30 MW klystron and a new pulse modulator, which can provide two different pulse durations, flat top length of 4 or 8 us.
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