The first factor is due to instrumental effects that include non-ideal optics, wavelength dispersion, sample transparency, axial divergence, flat sample effect, and detector resolution.
Interestingly, scenario 5 was the only one that displayed a clear bimodal distribution with a flat peak at high divergence (corresponding to the ancient IS acquisition and burst) and a straight peak at low divergence (corresponding to the recent IS acquisition and burst) (fig. 1), as observed for Wolbachia IS elements (fig. 3).
Zones of preferential flow divergence are flat (<1°), unconfined (i.e., large in comparison to sediment gravity flows) piggyback-basin floors, which facilitated the development of relatively coarse-grained, non-amalgamated, upward fining turbidite reservoirs, stratigraphically partitioned by fine-grained mass transport-complex deposits.
For a stochastic time series the divergence plot is flat and the Lyapunov exponent is zero, and for a non-chaotic time series in which trajectories converge, the exponent is negative.
SNPs were then identified using SNAPE-pooled [ 39] with a base quality average of 37 or greater, theta of 0.01, divergence of 0.1, flat prior and folded spectrum, and the SNP density for each contig was calculated.
The remainder show flat trends with no consistent convergence or divergence (Table 1).
A WCP source allows a nearly flat wavefront to be transmitted leading to a divergence of 4 μrad (HWHM) whilst the entangled photon pair source requires a 65 mm Gaussian beam waist to optimize diffraction against truncation loss and this leads to a divergence of 7.8 μrad.
This divergence tends to be higher for the flat leaf simulation, especially in the single scattering at large view zenith angles.
Data from females follow a generally flat linear trajectory while results from males show conspicuous divergence from females during adulthood followed by convergence at late age.
However, the right tail of the posterior density curves was often relatively flat and failed to reach zero in the estimates of divergence time and ancestral effective population size.
