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The flat bands near the band edges can be engineered to produce useful phenomena.
The properties of lattices with even and odd number of flat bands are different.
The flat bands reported here are independent of the pseudomagnetic field.
The period of oscillation is determined by the energy difference between the two flat bands.
These flat bands exhibit insulating states at half-filling, which are not expected in the absence of correlations between electrons.
Apaja, V., Hyrkäs, M. & Manninen, M. Flat bands, Dirac cones, and atom dynamics in an optical lattice.
For example, hole-doping could result in a magnetic state whose spins originate from the two flat bands.
The inducing defect states lead to the occurrence of flat bands, which are not benefit for the electronic transport properties.
The Dirac bands and flat bands are difficult to coexist because they represent two extreme ends of electronic properties.
First, in the metallic zigzag ribbon, the degeneracy of flat bands at EF is lifted by the electric field.
The valence-band maximum consists of doubly degenerate flat bands, which originate predominantly from the non-bonding σ-states localized at the nitrogen atoms (Fig. 3f).
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