The Figure3 shows the PDF of the Rayleigh multipath flat fading amplitude for L = 3, 4, and 6.
It is clear that the Well_1 is drilled based on different features related to the bright spot such as the flat spot, amplitude termination against fault plane.
These signals contained artefacts expressed by signals of constant amplitude (flat line), values exceeding the measuring range of 250 µV, or were not of sufficient length.
The corresponding SP curve is flat with low amplitudes.
In (24) is the amplitude of flat fading, is the energy per bit, is the noise power spectral density and denotes the expected value of.
This station has an almost flat earthquake H/V spectral amplitude (not shown here) indicating that it is a good reference site, and making possible to compute site-to-reference spectral ratios (Borcherdt, 1970).
Since the measurement path lengths were identical, a perfect calibration would yield a flat response in both amplitude and phase.
White-noise stimuli have a flat spectrum on average, constant amplitude envelope, and are deprived of short-term regularities (no sample-to-sample predictability) or salient features making the detection of any pattern very difficult (Supplementary Fig. 2).
Strictly speaking, these sites cannot be considered as reference stations which, by definition, must have a nearly flat transfer function with an amplitude of one.
Note that in an extreme situation, if the original and distorted SFPs are parallel to each other in amplitude, the is flat or constant, only reflecting a multiplicative constant between the two signals.
