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They demonstrated that the concentration of these emissions depends primarily on the ratio of air/fuel (A/F) hydrocarbons in the flare, flare gas composition, and flare combustion efficiency.
The GHG emissions for the flare are 134.2 and 87.2 g CO2e/MJ using the 20- and 100-year WTW-LCA model, respectively, as based upon a flare combustion efficiency of 95.0%.
Table 6 Results of efficiency studies for associated gas flares in the US Well location Reference Flare combustion efficiency Tennessee Willis [22] 95.5 Georgia Willis [22] 94.5 North Dakota Gvakharia [23] 95.1 Average – 95.0.
However, the efficiency of associated gas flares varies from 70 to 99%, depending upon the type and age of the flare, the composition and flow rate of the associated gas; the air-to-fuel ratio of the flare combustion; and atmospheric conditions [56, 57, 58, 59].
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Gas flares are combustion devices used mainly in oil wells and big offshore platforms to burn flammable gas (mostly methane) released during the operations of oil extraction.
Flaring creates combustion pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, PM2.5, and CO2, and contributes to formation of often-uncharacterized secondary compounds.
These units could include all types of boilers, burners, turbines, heaters, furnaces, incinerators, calciners, kilns, ovens, dryers, engines, fuel cells, chemical looping combustion units, flares, and thermal or catalytic post-combustion units.
Sites with controlled emissions are assumed to emit 2% of their potential flash emissions (we assume those sites would have a flare or combustor with 98% combustion efficiency).
The emissions are determined using an average flare efficiency of 95% for combustion of the flared associated gas.
The net quantity of the methane generation potential from the landfill (combusted in an internal combustion engine) may be lower due to some of the methane not collected (i.e., flared or emitted as GHG).
Combustion device means an individual unit of equipment, such as a flare, incinerator, process heater, or boiler, used for the combustion of organic HAP vapors.
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