Access to frontal sinus using the osteoplastic flap technique is indicated in lesions that do not yield endonasal approach.
Lodge affiliation is indicated by the wearing of the lodge emblem (commonly known as a lodge flap), an embroidered patch worn on the right pocket flap of the uniform shirt.
In fact, the former is indicated in case of arterial or venous insufficiency by anastomotic damage in free flaps.
Because of the huge number of surgical sessions often required in reaching the wishing result, the use of local or microvascular flap could not be indicated in case of elderly patients or patients affected by cardiovascular or metabolic diseases.
Use of FAMMC flap and utilization of pharyngeal flaps or mucosal grafts are indicated in these cases [ 49– 51].
The "spiral" flap coverage introduced here may be indicated for large circumferential extremity defects and enables the surgeon to cover the defect with simultaneous donor site closure and excellent results.
If the quality of the tendon is compromised, it may be indicated to consider a muscular flap transfer [15, 16].
Moreover, patients with damaged gingiva or those who received a previous closure operation cannot be indicated for the buccal advancement flap [18].
The skin paddle of the VRAM flap is used to reconstruct the posterior vaginal wall when indicated.
