If soils at higher elevations are inhospitable to some plant species, those species will be wedged between a fixed upper bound and a rising lower bound until they are squeezed out of existence.
The Box conservative test uses the fixed, lower bound of ∊, while the uncorrected test uses the fixed, upper bound of ∊.
For fish and other seafood, levels of inorganic arsenic were obtained using either food contamination data, fixed upper bound estimates, or fixed lower bound estimates.
The upper curves, for silhouette targets, are a relatively fixed upper bound, but the lower curves are highly dependent on the specific environmental conditions.
In the above formulation, we used fixed upper and lower bounds on the supply allocations S g.
Patterns of this type are recognized by Range Concatenation Grammars and Global Index Grammars; a comparison with these formalisms then might be useful to fix the upper bound of the recognizing capacity of LG, which is as yet unknown.
Practically speaking, we can fix an upper bound for one parameter, then compute an upper bound for the other parameter values, using the relationship y max ′ ( i, j ) − y min ′ ( i, j ) = Δ with Δ > 0 a positive number.
From Theorem 2, when μ(B) and S are fixed, the upper bound of ({left | {mathbf {x} - hat {mathbf {x}}} right |_{2}}) is determined by the upper bound of ({left | mathbf {n} right |_{2}}), i.e., ({left | {{mathbf {B}_{mathbf {e}}}mathbf {x} + mathbf {v}} right |_{2}}).
Huber et al. (2006) fixed an upper bound l on the maximum length of each segment to reduce the time complexity to O(nlS) with l < n.
In this paper, first of all, four-area power system model for LFC problem is presented in the form of a linear uncertain system with fixed lower and upper bounds in the coefficients.
The IMP can handle the optimization model where all or part of the parameters are expressed as interval numbers (i.e. a number with an unknown distribution between fixed lower and upper bounds).
