Bath-mode adsorption experiments were carried out at a temperature of 25 °C using a set of 50-mL glass beakers by adding a fixed amount of nanoparticles to the heavy oil model solutions at a nanoparticle-to-solution ratio of 100 mg to 10 mL and different initial concentrations ((C_{i})) of n-C7 asphaltenes and mixing for 24 h, as described elsewhere (Franco et al. 2013b, 2014, 2015).
The molecular structures and complexation site density play an important role in the fixing of the metal cation, Mg2+, and the formation of MgO nanoparticles.
The parametric study on temperature is conducted by fixing the volume fraction of nanoparticles to be 1% and the temperature between 20°C and 70°C.
To investigate the effects of precursor concentration on the performance of electrochromic device, ratios of TiO2 nanoparticle dispersion and ethyl alcohol of 1 2, 1 3, and 1 4 were used by fixing the TiO2 nanoparticle size of 5~10 nm, the lifting speed to be 3000 μm/s, and the dipping number to be 1.
To investigate the effects of dipping number on the performance of electrochromic device, dipping numbers of 1, 3, and 5 were used by fixing the TiO2 nanoparticle size of 5~10 nm, the lifting speed to be 3000 μm/s, and the precursor concentration to be 1 2.
To investigate the effects of lifting speed on the performance of electrochromic device, lifting speeds of 1000, 2000, and 3000 μm/s were used by fixing the TiO2 nanoparticle size of 5~10 nm, the precursor concentration to be 1 2, and the dipping number to be 1.
For the formation of composites fixed weight of ZnO nanoparticles were physically blended, followed by grinding with increasing weight content of PANI.
Spectral distance Δ λ between components depends on the distance (D) between nanoparticles (for fixed radius r), on the size of nanoparticles (for fixed distances), and on the permittivity of the environment.
The effect of initial RhB concentration on the photocatalytic degradation is studied by varying the concentration from 5 to 30 ppm against fixed ZnO nanoparticle load of 1 g L−1.
For SEM measurement, the powder of nanoparticles was fixed on an aluminum stub as a thin film and coated with gold before observation.
