The phrase "fixed trend" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to describe a trend that is stable and unchanging over a period of time.
Example: "The data indicates a fixed trend in consumer behavior, suggesting that preferences have remained consistent for several years."
Alternatives: "stable trend" or "constant trend".
Although temporal trends in these ratios were adjusted for, this model assumed a fixed spatial trend in the ratio across years for each season (e.g., spatial trends in the ratio in winter 1988 were assumed to be the same as those in winter 1989).
8.1 reveal which fixed seasonal or trend components the filters annihilate and which their complementary filters preserve.
The specifications in Table 4 are estimated without any controls, only including the fixed effects and trends.
Also, this study controls for state of residence rather than region, and there are a complete set of interactions of state fixed effects and time trend.
In line with previous estimates, we can also allow for higher order heterogeneous time trends by using the interaction between time trends and fixed time variables and select them using Belloni et al.'s (2014) "double selection".16 In this case we show only regressions with the selected variables because Poisson regressions with the entire set do not converge due to the large set of covariates.
Volatile matter shows an increasing trend towards upper part of seam while fixed carbon shows a reverse trend.
Within each year, a model was first fit with a fixed entry effect, fixed first, second, third, and fourth order polynomial trend effects in both the row and column directions [ 39], and flowering time as a fixed linear covariate.
Third, we explored additional models, including controlling for health aid disbursements from organizations other than the Global Fund, added unadjusted models without covariates that may be influenced by Global Fund support, trimmed the most uncertain estimates, replaced time trends with year fixed effects, and added country-specific time trends (Additional file 1: S4).
In these models, each individual subject is a random effect while the fixed effects represent average trends.
