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The bed was made using two rows of spheres fixed in staggered positions, and a test sphere resting on top of the three neighbouring fixed spheres (i.e. nestling in the space between the surfaces of the fixed spheres).
But while Copernicus's repositioning of the earth and the sun was a radical proposal — indeed, a heresy (the Church needed the Earth, the arena of salvation, to be the center of the universe) — in other respects his cosmos was quite orthodox: a finite structure consisting of fixed spheres that revolved in concentric circles, just as in Ptolemy.
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Another example is a FPGA architecture of a fixed sphere decoder for a WiMAX system presented in [21].
So far, many detection methods for SEFDM system have been proposed such as iterative detection (ID) [6], sphere decoders (SD), truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD), fixed complexity sphere decoder (FSD), combining truncated singular value decomposition and fixed sphere detection (TSVD-FSD) and combining iterative detection and fixed sphere detection (ID-FSD) [7, 8].
The classical sphere decoding is a depth-first approach, while the K-Best decoding and fixed sphere decoding are commonly seen as breath-first approaches.
The breath-first based K-Best decoder [14] and fixed sphere decoder (FSD) [15] are thus proposed to obtain a constant throughput and to reduce the hardware complexity at a cost of certain performance loss.
Simulation results show that the BER performance of system under iterative ICI compensation receiver is almost same as traditional combining iterative detection and fixed sphere detection (ID-FSD) scheme with large bandwidth compression factor (BCF).
As a trade-off between performance and complexity, various MIMO detection methods such as sphere decoding [1, 2], fixed complexity sphere decoding [3, 4], and MFCSO decoding [5] have been proposed to reach near-MAP performance with lower complexity than MAP.
Since the powder particle size in our study is comparable to that of impacting droplets, the powder bed is modeled with a large number of rigid solid spheres fixed in their positions during the droplet impact.
The pressure drop correlation: proposed on the basis of theoretical considerations, is compared with published experimental results obtained from high voidage fixed beds of spheres and is shown to represent a significant improvement over the established Ergun equation.
3-D alignment is performed by moving the sphere within the target binding site while keeping the query sphere fixed.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com