For toxicological testing purposes, fixed machine-smoking conditions need to be maintained in comparative assessments to ensure comparative smoke generation conditions for testing (Burns et al., 2008; World Health Organization Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation, 2008).
Our findings are consistent with previous reports of an association between smoking and fixed airways obstruction in severe asthmatics (the TENOR [ 11] and COREA [ 17] studies), which reported prevalences of fixed airways obstruction at 60%and51%1% respectively.
In comparison, only 18% of our cohort of 245 patients had fixed airways obstruction and our smoking rates (22%) among the Fixed Obs and Non-Fixed Obs groups are lower than the two studies, yet we found a significant association between smoking and fixed airways obstruction.
This little pension on the tiny Greek island of Kastellorizo is the Greece of a time gone by: a perfect horseshoe bay lined by pastel-coloured buildings, crystal-clear waters, fishermen fixing their nets, smoking and playing cards.
Americans spend many tens of billions every year in the hope of keeping resolutions to lose weight, get fit, quit smoking, fix their finances, organize their closets — on and on.
This should not be confused with a time-varying covariate, which is a variable whose value is not fixed over time, such as smoking status.
The most likely inference is that the subjects with PostBDFEV1 < 70% are asthma patients who have developed fixed obstruction in association with smoking.
A misclassification-bias-adjusted relative risk was estimated under a variety of possible fixed sensitivities and specificities of smoking classification among those with and without TJR.
BMI was assessed separately for each age group using a general linear mixed model with centre as a random effect and GNI for each country, the individual's age, sex, measurement type, fast food consumption, and each parental smoking variable as fixed effects.
He had fixed Chinese lanterns and sat there, smoking a cigar, enjoying his long-desired acquisition.
