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Questionnaires were self-administered and had fixed responses.
We assumed the random and fixed responses to an item are uniformly distributed over a K-point Likert scale.
Indeed, the adjustment procedure depends on only the first two moments of the random and fixed responses.
Plants generate singlet oxygen-, superoxide-, peroxide-, and hydroxyl-radicals (ROS) that trigger a wide range of partly genetically fixed responses.
On the other hand, fixed responses inflate the observed association between the two positive polarity items and thus lead to over-estimation of the true Cronbach's alpha.
While there remains an inflation of Cronbach's alpha when there are fixed responses, it is interesting to note a general decreasing trend of the true internal reliability after removing more random responses.
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Culwin (1998) distinguishes two kinds of assessment systems: (1) fixed response systems and (2) free response systems.
It offers a fixed response time and is flexible to work with different objective functions and utility functions.
In the presence of impact forces, the system preserves fixed response amplitude response within a small range of internal detuning parameter.
Under second- mode parametric excitation, the second mode reaches fixed response, depending on initial conditions, with no energy sharing with the first mode.
If the network requires a fixed response time, we can set up a timer equal to the required response time and set the stop condition to be the expiry of the timer.
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