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The variable duty cycle results the variable resistance and the fixed duty cycle results the fixed resistance.
Another function of the device is to inject a constant predetermined load onto the lower bite plate so that the subject 'chews' against a fixed resistance simulating rapidly yielding food bolus ('fixed force' mode).
Results indicate that a good level of screening can be achieved in multi-layer coils, that small versions of such coils can yield higher efficiencies at fixed resistance than conventional two-layer (primary and screen) coils, and that performance improves as the number of layers of increases.
Contact resistance was then included in the simulations by modeling the contacts as ohmic with a fixed resistance. Figure 6 shows simulated sub-threshold characteristics for values of contact resistance in the range 10 Ω to 50 MΩ and, for comparison, a measured characteristic.
All sections can be made to have precisely the same image impedance of a fixed resistance.
This is because the terminations of the filter, at least nominally, are taken to be a fixed resistance.
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A twin resistance mass transfer model, comprising a fixed edge resistance and a resistance which increased with frontal depth, was able to describe the sublimation kinetics.
For a fixed thermal resistance in the heat exchangers, the optimal configuration splits the total temperature drop evenly between the thermoelectric module and the heat exchangers.
In comparison with other test conditions, CC mode with fixed external resistance (300 Ω) gave highest yields of power density (72 mW m−2) and biohydrogen production (343 mL).
The FAO 56 Penman Monteith equation with a fixed aerodynamic resistance of 295 s m−1 was used to estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in the greenhouse.
To reduce voltage tracking error under fixed external resistance, gas flowrate magnitude constraints must be relaxed, requiring more fuel energy to manipulate the system variables for operation away from equilibrium conditions.
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