Thus, rather than assigning an arbitrary value, this study selected the very indicator with the negative variance to be fixed to one (instead of the originally fixed indicator) or added a correlation path between the disturbance and another; the validity of this correction has been confirmed [56, 57].
The fixed indicator for location was used to address any possible influences due to the location independent of air pollution.
This study indicates that it is not possible to use a maximum of six treatment sessions as a fixed indicator for all acute ankle injuries, because several patient characteristics influence adherence to that specific indicator.
Thus, in the mixed effect model the location was added as a fixed indicator to remove any influence of the location on the measured health effects and only used to assess differences in air pollutants.
These models simultaneously include fixed indicators that enable ORs to be calculated, as in the standard models, and a random indicator, inter-GP variance, which allows us to calculate variations in the agreement rates between GPs [ 19].
Then, the percent change of health outcomes was associated with each air quality index in a mixed effects model with a random subject intercept, fixed indicators for location, and fixed linear effects for apparent temperature and the exposure of interest using the lme4 package version 1.1-7 in R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) version 3.1.1.
To evaluate the impact of incorporating existing knowledge into the model, we tested another version of BEST in which we fixed the indicator variables of five real target genes and five true foreground experimental conditions as 1.
This study fixed different indicators in different models because in the process of parameter estimation, several models faced the issue of negative error variance, particularly in relation to disturbances for indicator variables (i.e., Heywood cases).
The pH value of the gastric mucosa was measured at the corpus tissue using color-fixed indicator test sticks (pH-Fix 0.0 6.0, Macherey-Nagel, Dueren, Germany).
"We are a very religious people, Egyptians," said Mostafa Said, 25, as he told his friend he hoped, inshallah, to have his car turn indicator fixed by next week.
In this experiment hackers were allowed to see the users' reference latency vector along with their own pressure template, a GUI window was fixed with two indicator lights "one for latency and one for pressure" that flashes green when either latency or pressure is within the acceptance margin.
