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FastTree optimizes the likelihood of the tree (with fixed branch lengths and topology) by numerically optimizing each of the six parameters in the model in turn.
Bayesian inference of phylogeny aimed at estimating the posterior probabilities and branch length of phylogenetic trees as starting values for codeml maximum likelihood iteration under codon model M0 to get fixed branch lengths.
Adaptive or non-adaptive selection algorithms, such as a fixed branch strategy (Moosbrugger & Kelava, 2012), could also be implemented directly.
It is worth mentioning that the integration Et[Q t)] over individual branch lengths for a site (where Q t) is the transition matrix as a function of branch length t) is not the same as assuming a fixed branch length t* for all branches since, in general, does not exist t* such that Et[Q t)] = Q(t*).
Estimation of the number of synonymous (dS) and nonsynonymous (dN) substitutions per site was performed by ML analysis with the codeML program of the PAML package [ 22], used with model 1 (free ratio), runmode 0 (user tree), fixed branch length initial, and with the empirical F3 × 4 nucleotide frequencies model.
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Two-way permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was used to test the significance of these groupings (9999 permutations), with habitat (fixed; branching Porites, massive Porites, Pocillopora, soft coral, and degraded) and site (random) as factors (PERMANOVA+ add on package).
It's presumed that viewers (or rather, game players) will interact with VR stories in the style of choose-your-own-adventure games, where the player's decisions take them down fixed branches of a story to variable (but finite) endings.
If the Chase Bank knows Branch No. 37 stinks, it works on fixing Branch No. 37, not changing the whole system.
The spatial pattern of the dendritic arborization is not fixed by branch elongation in early development, and it is also sculpted at later stages by branch retraction and elimination, and the mature pattern is maintained throughout animal life (Wong & Ghosh 2002; Luo & O'Leary 2005).
All scenarios are solved two times, firstly, when the collapse happened and secondly, to keep the air quantity fixed at branch number 26 to be 40 m3/s.
Figure 5 shows the sum of the values of the consumed pressure through regulators in each scenario to keep the air quantity fixed at branch 26 as in the main case.
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