Fixation: Lateral locking plate ± medial plate fixation External fixation: mean 31 months (range 12 58 months) ORIF: mean 41 months (range 12 64 months) Boston Mallik [29] Covall [26] Retrospective 10 (10) 7 (7) External fixation: Monticelli-Spinellib circular fixator ORIF: Incision: Unknown.
Fixation: Bilateral buttress, semi-tubular plates, or cannulated screws External fixation: mean 10 months (range 5 28 months) ORIF: mean 33 months (range 6 60 months) Chertsey Guryel [34] Nawaz [33] Retrospective (79) (45) External fixation: Ilizarov circular frame ORIF: Incision: Unknown.
On postoperative examinations (after the posterior and anterior spinal fixation), mean vertebral kyphosis was measured at −1° [−26; 12°] and regional kyphosis at −8° [−51; 17°].
All 22 children (mean age 12 (5–16) years) with fractures of the femoral neck that were treated with screw fixation (mean 2.4 (1 3) screws) at our department between 1990 and 2006 were evaluated.
The main postoperative differences concerned long-term posterior cervical and dorsal pain, radiological instability needing fixation, mean duration of the surgical procedure, length of hospital stay, number of cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and return to normal daily activities (Table 2).
On the other hand, the intended arthrodesis was achieved in the ACDF group with the application of plate and screw fixation (mean post-operative ROM: 0.5 ± 0.4° versus pre-operation at 7.4 ± 3.6°).
The groups (rinsed vs. control) were similar regarding mechanical implant fixation (mean (SD)): shear strength (MPa) 2.7 (1.0) vs. 2.9 (1.2), stiffness (MPa/mm) 15 (6.7) vs. 15 (5.6), and energy absorption (kJ/m) 0.5 (0.2) vs. 0.6 (0.4), The same was evident for the new bone formation on the implant surface and around the implant: ongrowth 6 vs. 7 and ingrowth 9 vs. 9.
Table 6 presents statistics for three eye-movement measures: average number of fixations, mean fixation durations, and average saccade sizes.
