Approximately 70% of the studies had fixation coefficients with absolute values larger than 0.03 (median, −0.004; range, −0.072 to 0.185), with the studies evenly distributed around zero.
In 7 experiments the regression coefficients had negative values, meaning that downward fixations gave the longest RT; 23 experiments had values of 0 and only 3 experiments had positive values.
Table 2 Coefficients of variation in implant displacement under loading conditions Model Loading Average Buccal loading Central loading Lingual loading Experimental model 2.49 4.76 4.90 4.05 Contact model 4.55 4.48 9.64 6.22 Fixation model 5.26 4.85 9.26 6.45 Coefficient of variation = (S.D)./ mean)./ mean
The possibility of general effects was assessed by calculating the inbreeding coefficient (fixation index FIS) across loci in the population, thereby testing for a significant difference from zero (i.e. departure from a random union of gametes) by means of a randomization test in the program SPAGEDi 1.2e [37].
Total – entire germplasm collection (pooled sample treated as a single population); N – sample size; n – mean sample size over loci; A – number of different alleles; a – mean number of alleles per locus; AE – effective number of alleles; HE – unbiased expected heterozygosity; HO – observed heterozygosity; F – fixation index (inbreeding coefficient); MAF – minor allele frequency.
Our suite of selection coefficients maps to the full range of probabilities of fixation because selection coefficients larger than s = 2 × 10−6 under our model would produce asymptotically smaller increases in the probability of fixation and thus would generate results essentially equivalent to s = 2 × 10−6.
Number of alleles per locus, observed and expected heterozygosities, coefficient of fixation index, and Hardy Weinberg and linkage disequilibrium were calculated using FSTAT (Goudet, 2002).
Number of alleles (Na), observed (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HS), locus-specific inbreeding coefficients (FIS), fixation indexes (Nei 1987) and heterozygosity standardized fixation indexes (Meirmans and Hedrick 2011) were all estimated with the package diveRsity (Keenan et al.
Thus, objective function was mathematically written as a linear combination of these metabolites (X i) and their contribution to nitrogen fixation was weighted by coefficients (c i), which for simplicity's sake were all selected as a unit.
