In addition to a stable fixator construct, stable pin fixation is needed to prevent the vicious cycle of pin loosening, pin site infection and further loosening [15].
In cases where eccentric pin placement was not used and conversion to internal fixation after prolonged external fixation is needed, we used a specific protocol; the external fixator was removed, the limb was casted, and internal fixation delayed for a minimum of 1 month [44].
Augmentative interfragmentary screw fixation was needed for one case (Fig. 4).
For environmental samples, especially for those containing bulking water, fixation is needed before long-term transportation and storage.
It was found that fixation was needed, since less measurable cells were left after omitting the fixation procedure, due to fragmentation.
To gain access to the interior of the cells and make them stay on the slide, some form of permeabilization and fixation is needed.
If bone graft or intervertebral fusion cage fusion operation is completely depended on, the long-term neck collar fixation is needed and the collapsing and pulling away of bone graft, the looseness and translocation of fusion cage, a low fusion rate and other complications are likely to appear.
Therefore, it is possible that chromosomally encoded lipid metabolism in O. carboxidovorans and plasmid-encoded CO fixation are linked, but further studies are needed to confirm this.
Specifically, under a "gene-for-gene" model of genetic specificity, where a mutation in the host allows resistance to any genotype of the parasite, the resulting dynamic is asymmetrically frequency dependent (i.e. repeated selective sweeps of universally infective parasite strains), and costs are needed to prevent fixation of host resistance [ 49].
