Optimization of energy supply systems usually considers energy demands as fixed constraints.
Boundary conditions consist of exporting motion loads and applying fixed constraints.
The approach described here involves 3D geophysical inversion modeling of gravity data using the lithologic boundaries of an existing 3D geologic model as fixed constraints.
They also treat their past intentions and plans as defeasibly fixed constraints on deliberation, rather than attempting to maximize subjective utility anew in every situation they confront (Bratman 1987).
Figure 4 shows the FE analysis results obtained assuming that the gate is a homogeneous medium made by silicon gold composite and the anchors at the end of the gate are defined as fixed constraints.
During the calculation, fixed constraints were imposed on circular joints on both ends of the pipeline to simulate the effects of infinite extension of the pipeline on the studied pipe section.
Using the randomly drawn set of flux capacities, the capacity constraints become fixed constraints.
The clinical knowledge allowed fixing constraints to the parameters of the G groups.
In scenario 2, we set the measured uptake/excretion rates as fixed constraints.
PAML v3.1 can be used to estimate base frequencies and substitution rates from a fixed topology by fixing constraints such as branch lengths, etc., under the GTR model and empirical base frequencies.
For example, model analysis of photoheterotrophic growth reveals that - despite a large number of utilizable catabolic pathways - substrate-specific biomass and CO2 yields are fixed constraints, irrespective of the assumption of optimal growth.
