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Epistasis, the fitness interaction between mutations, has been suggested to influence the evolutionary dynamics of virus populations [1].
However when AZT is present, the fitness interaction is still antagonistic (now negative epistasis) in TZM-bl cells but becomes mainly synergistic (now positive epistasis) in PBMC.
The more robust genetic predictions used to identify these additional DOX resistance genes are based primarily on synthetic lethality or fitness interaction data [101], [102], [55].
Together these observations show that the type of fitness interaction may change along with the environmental conditions under which it is analyzed.
Before modeling, we tested and confirmed that the proportional hazards assumption was valid using time × fitness interaction terms (P > 0.05).
After 12 h, however, this fitness interaction was reversed and all three strains had an average fitness >1.
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Fitness interactions can act in different directions.
Fitness interactions between mutations, referred to as epistasis, can strongly impact evolution.
Under the conditions of mutation-selection equilibrium, fitness interactions between mutations will affect the frequency of individual mutants within a virus population.
The fitness interactions between the mutations along a drug-resistance pathway are expected to have an impact on the relative mutant frequencies in a viral population.
To measure the fitness of HIV-1 RT mutants along an AZT resistance pathway and to evaluate the effect of epistasis ( = the fitness interactions between the mutations), we generated the respective RT mutants by site-directed mutagenesis PCR [51].
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