Sentence examples for fitness effects from inspiring English sources

"The distribution of fitness effects among beneficial mutations".

"Distribution of fitness effects among beneficial mutations before selection in experimental populations of bacteria".

For an experimental investigation of the raw distribution of fitness effects of beneficial mutations in Pseudomonas fluorescens, see Kassen, R. and Bataillon, T. 2006.

Most studies assessing fitness effects focus essentially on early-generation hybrid progeny.

However, the fitness effects to males and females of such condition-dependent provisioning are less clear.

Therefore, a compensatory mutation itself may have little or perhaps negative fitness effects, but that same mutation has positive fitness effects when expressed in a specific genetic background.

These strains can be screened beforehand to eliminate those with significant site-specific fitness effects.

Direct fitness effects of helping behaviour have not been tested in this species.

Individuals gain inclusive fitness through their impact on their own reproduction (direct fitness effects) as well as through their impact on the reproduction of related individuals (indirect fitness effects) (see also [3]).

Traditionally, quantifying the variation in these traits following infection is used to assess pathogen virulence and host fitness effects.

Modeling fitness effects (whether environmental or social) could easily be made either to force change or to restrict it.