They showed that the consistency of direction of asymmetries in a population should result from the most relevant of the two interactions, in term of fitness contribution.
The model tracks the fitness contribution of a mutant individual i, within group j [ 42, 62].
Uninfected females should in contrast produce more male offspring as they would have more fitness contribution via sons.
To complement a genome-wide transcriptional survey, we assessed the relative fitness contribution of individual gene products under TMP stress by using a forward genetic screen.
The selfish DNA hypothesis asserts that ISs are able to persist through their ability to self-replicate while making no fitness contribution to the genome [ 11, 12].
The average value of a gene product the ratio of its total fitness contribution to its expression level would then decrease with expression level.
The fitness landscape f : A L → ℝ + is then f (a ) = ∑ i = 1 L b i ((a j ) j ∈ e i ) , (9 where b i denotes the fitness contribution of allele a i.
However, the extent to which individual genes contribute to fitness likely varies within the two groups, and a more fine-grained binning according to fitness contribution would be needed to determine its effect on the expression gradient.
A rarely used gene can be preserved in the genome during evolution as long as the null mutation rate is sufficiently low compared with the product of the probability that the gene is used at any given time and the fitness contribution of the gene when it is used.
This can be seen if we represent s as a function of the initial stability and change in stability (Wylie and Shakhnovich 2011) (5) To remove these sources of epistasis, we construct a model where the fitness contribution of every amino acid at each location is fixed.
In general though, the recombination rate will affect epistasis and above a certain threshold, allelic selection takes over, where the selective advantage of alleles depends only on their own intrinsic fitness contribution and not on combinations with other alleles (Neher and Shraiman 2009).
