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An Allee effect population was thus established to have a negative fitness below a threshold of cell density but a positive fitness when the density is beyond the threshold.
In order to calculate population fitness below, we must calculate the fitness of individual cells that are initially defined only by their levels of chemotaxis proteins.
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We have verified the fitness of below set of equations (20) and a comparison done with a scenario in which stayed static.
Such understanding was experimentally confirmed in some systems [ 13, 108, 143, 9] (see discussion of fitness correlates below).
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The four factors of the coping strategy scale showed a fitness slightly below what the literature recommends (χ2/gl = 1.78, GFI = 0.87, AGFI = 0.84; CFI = 0.81 and RMSEA = 0.091).
Consequently, their relative fitness shrinks below that of the "Ignorant" type, and they vanish.
Note that the fitness indices below correspond to calculations that satisfy these particular criteria; the optimum scheme in terms of highest fitness will, in general, depend on the selection of criteria.
Participants were sedentary, with fitness values below the 20th percentile for age.
Many such studies of wild mammals have demonstrated a relationship between low levels of MHC diversity and decreases in species population fitness (see below).
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