Fisheries utilize ca. 27 and 53% of total primary production in the southern and south-eastern shelf regions, respectively.
In a way, the modern form of trepang fishery, utilizing compressor diving and reaching to ever-increasing depths, is a novel activity more similar to other emerging marine fisheries, and should be distinguished from the century-old practise of collection in shallow waters.
The fishery utilizes selective demersal gillnets that take almost exclusively young sharks under three years old, with 18 28% of all newborns captured in their first year.
This was achieved through utilizing the 'realistic fishery' option within the statistical package oncor (Kalinowski 2008 www.montana.edu/kalinowski/Software/ONCOR.htm).edu/kalinowski/Software/ONCOR.htm
A number of environmental organizations like The Pew Charitable Trusts and Oceana are utilizing satellite technology to track global fisheries practices and provide illegal fishing data to managers.
After brainstorming various channels by which solutions to these challenges could best be obtained, S/GP realized that tapping into the ingenuity of budding volunteer coders and technologists, while also utilizing the expertise of marine experts, might bring about the collaborative spirit and innovative solutions that oceans and fisheries, and the people that rely on them, so desperately need.
By utilizing knowledge of the genetic population structure, population of origin was reliably identified for c. 1500 fish caught in mixed stock fisheries after adopting an approach to minimize the complications arising from potential nonsampled populations.
This species is valued by commercial and recreational fisheries throughout its range, and utilized as food.
In the northwestern Atlantic, the roughtail stingray is listed under Least Concern; it is not targeted or utilized by commercial fisheries, though inconsequential numbers are captured incidentally in trawls and on demersal longlines.
Because of its abundance, the smalleye hammerhead is an economically important bycatch of artisanal gillnet fisheries throughout its range and is utilized as food.
