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These techniques included visual surveys by divers, use of SCUBA to apply ichthyocide (a natural fish toxicant consisting of dried and powdered Derris root - assayed at 7.5% rotenone), hand-line fishing, by-catch from lobster and fish traps taken by local fishermen, and port sampling observations of fish landings.
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Kidney degeneration has been reported by several workers after the exposure of the fish to toxicants (Srivastava et al. 1990; Akram et al. 1999; Rabitto et al. 2005).
Were parallel reference toxicant toxicity test conducted?
This is in agreement with other investigations in which similar effect has been observed after exposure of the fish to other toxicants: organophosphate (chlorpyrifos) (Srivastav Ajai et al. 1997a), pyrethroids (deltamethrin (Srivastav Ajai et al. 1997b and cypermethrin (Mishra et al. 2001)), cadmium (Rai and Srivastav Ajai 2003) and botanical pesticide (Prasad et al. 2011).
Many insecticides are bird, fish, and honeybee toxicants, whereas herbicides and fungicides pose fewer environmental problems.
I am hoping that some of these researchers will begin to test other farmed fish for the same toxicant presence.
The substances identified as "endocrine active" in fish tests are reproductive toxicants in mammals and EA receptor ligands in in vitro assays (Table 3).
Contrary to it, an elevation of plasma calcium concentrations has also been reported by other workers from the fish exposed to various toxicants (Sastry and Sharma 1978; Bansal et al. 1979; Sharma et al. 1982).
In contrast, few investigators have noticed hyperphosphatemia in the fish treated with various toxicants; endrin (Colvin and Phillips 1968), endosulfan (Gill et al. 1991), aldrin (Singh et al. 1996), formothion (Singh et al. 1997), and propoxur (Singh et al. 1997).
Little is known about GST mRNA induction in fish exposed to various toxicants.
Although developing fetuses and children are particularly susceptible to toxicants in fish, fish also contain valuable nutrients.
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