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Predation hotspots were clearly associated with high fish predator numbers and low refuge availability.
Enaliarctos evolved as a fish predator in the diverse marine communities off the western coast of North America.
We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to highlight variables (e.g. water type, predator husbandry, exposure time) that may influence invertebrate prey's behavioural responses to fish predator cues.
It was shown that fitness differences increased between animals of D. magna fed Bt- versus non-Bt maize when test animals were exposed to a fish predator as an additional stress-factor.
For instance, mayfly larvae exposed to a model of their fish predator took 50 80% longer to reach maturity than larvae in a predator-free control [43].
We manipulated predation risk in a field experiment with the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher by releasing no predator, a medium- or a large-sized fish predator inside underwater cages enclosing two to three natural groups.
Similar(49)
The authors took advantage of a stream system structured by waterfalls, in which isolated guppy (Poecilia reticulata) populations are adapted to high-predation (downstream) or low-predation (upstream) environments, depending on the abundance and species of co-occuring fish predators.
Comparison of anterior bite forces among apex fish predators using calculated Bite Force Quotients (BFQ).
One implication is that eliminating top fish predators may lead to infestations of midges or mosquitoes that often carry disease.
Salamanders move away from substrates that are tainted by chemicals deposited by their snake predators, and they move out of waters that contain chemicals from fish predators.
It seems reasonable to assume that small-bodied D. esakii also adopted the active (lunge) strategy, which may render them less efficient fish predators.
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