The mechanisms of thrust enhancement and energy saving in a school of fish interact in manifold ways, and provide insight into the bio-inspired design for arrays of underwater vehicles.
JL: Having observed fishes in the field growing up, I was interested in how fish interact with the wakes of objects in the flow.
Ecologist Alexander Zale of Montana State University, Billings, says that his group has years of baseline data on how fish interact in the Yellowstone River, particularly how they use its side channels and backwaters.
At about that same time, David Beal, who was doing his mechanical engineering degree at MIT under his adviser Michael Triantafyllou--it was on how foils interact with vortices to maximize thrust and propulsive efficiency--e-mailed me and asked how fish interact with vortices.
Genetic and phenotypic differences may exist between hatchery fish and wild fish, which may affect how stocked and wild fish interact.
Traditional fish hatcheries were a mainstay of fish management and harvest augmentation, but they introduced problems when nonlocal, hatchery-adapted fish interacted with wild fish (Araki et al. 2008; Christie et al. 2012).
Biologists and engineers interested in how fishes interact with their fluid environment have had no quantitative way to visualize this interaction, despite the critical importance of understanding fluid flow patterns produced by swimming fishes for testing theoretical models and for understanding the hydrodynamic effects of different body and fin designs.
Coastal ecosystems put up a number of impacts from human activities in the sea; the most recent is fish farming, interacting synergistically with the other impacts and with the natural structure and dynamics of the coastal ecosystem.
It is possible that the EP300 in fish may interact with HIF3A as suggested by out protein interaction network.
Puzzle pieces come together as they begin to understand how fish species interact with different habitats, why certain corals are competing with one another through marine chemical warfare, and how corals contribute to nutrient cycling and the greater oceanic ecosystem.
