This week the Catalan regional government, led by Artur Mas, quantified exactly what it thought the central government owed Catalonia, in terms of insufficient investments and fiscal disadvantages: 9.4 billion euros, including 5.8 billion euros of infrastructure spending.
The current "gold" standard for treatment of PNI is the autograft, which poses disadvantages such as high fiscal cost, possible loss of sensation at donor site and the requirement of two surgeries.
The Conservative peer Lord Forsyth, who served as Scottish Secretary under John Major, also urged Mr Cameron to draw up a White Paper on full fiscal autonomy for Scotland so the advantages and disadvantages of the policy could be clarified for voters.
Otherwise, Republicans didn't do well in 2012, losing an election, and are at a public-opinion disadvantage in the year's final act, the fiscal cliff talks.
The unwillingness of successive ALP leaders since Keating to make the case for economic reform has left the party at a natural disadvantage on economic credibility that only a show of fiscal resolve can fix.
If this were not achieved, the UK would be left cutting carbon emissions unilaterally, which would risk putting industry at a disadvantage compared with outside competitors and "could lead to significant fiscal costs".
Our findings suggest that mechanisms to buffer the effect of socioeconomic disadvantage in early old age specifically, perhaps through more redistributive fiscal policy and universal pensions, may help to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in life satisfaction for this age group.
Rich and poor countries could design co-operative schemes to bring new technologies to the marginalised regions, sharing the fiscal costs.Information technology offers another huge opportunity, because it can overcome many of the disadvantages of distance.
In an era of fiscal constraint, Australian universities have attracted funding for new medical programmes built on a case of addressing rural disadvantage.
When oligarchical urban governors mismanaged finance to the disadvantage of the lower classes as well as the king, he moved energetically (1259 62) to place the fiscal administration of 35 communes directly under the crown.
