Perhaps, the first one and the most detailed to date is the case study prepared by Petri et al. ([2002]) that computed quasi-fiscal activities in gas and electricity sectors being equal to 6.5%% of GDP in 2000.
In some countries, quasi-fiscal activities such as subsidized lending by state-owned banks or off-budget activities by local governments and other public institutions have added to vulnerabilities.
A slight majority of them also spent less on lobbying from January through March than they did from October through December -- a period on Capitol Hill marked by an election and a congressional recess-induced lull, interrupted by an end-of-the-year flurry of fiscal cliff activity.
This study has demonstrated the ability of Malaysia to apply readily available diagnostic information to develop state-of-the-art case-mix measures relevant to medical and fiscal management activities using the TPC databases.
The initial project successfully demonstrated the ability of Malaysia to apply readily available diagnostic and other clinical information to develop state-of-the-art case-mix measures relevant to medical and fiscal management activities using the TPC database.
Once countries can no longer use monetary policy to moderate national highs and lows in economic activity, fiscal policy will need to assume a greater, nationally differentiated, counter-cyclical role.
But the fiscal and judicial activities of the court were growing in volume and technicality.
Informality can be studied through three main lenses: a firm-based perspective, an employment perspective (at the individual level), and a fiscal perspective (untaxed activities) (Gatti et al. 2012; Gasparini and Tornarolli 2009).
Much of this activity requires fiscal support to be economic, and future long-term investments require fiscal stability and certainty".
Was there no acknowledgment of fiscal constraints on military activity?
