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Firstly, trials are conducted on highly selected populations [ 8].
Firstly, trials are generally powered to detect statistically significant differences in their primary endpoint.
Firstly, trials of insulin detemir versus NPH insulin cannot be readily blinded because NPH is presented as a cloudy suspension that requires shaking before injection, whereas insulin detemir is presented as a clear solution.
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Firstly, trial participation can be restricted to surgeons with an acceptable level of expertise in both or all surgical interventions.
Firstly trial data show that women with what used to called 'urethral syndrome' (urinary symptoms but sterile urine) obtain relief from antibiotics.
Firstly, the trials use different criteria for hypoglycaemia, different methods in recording severe hypoglycaemia, and many trials are not randomised.
Firstly, outcome trials were partitioned according to the 4 conditions (IP, IF, OP, OF) which were separately modeled as mini-epoch lasting 3 s.
Firstly, these trials were performed using intra-arterial thrombolysis or first-generation clot retrieval devices.
Firstly, clinical trials are underway to examine the safety and efficacy of antagonists of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a chaperone protein that maintains client proteins (in particular erbB2) in a signalling-competent form.
Firstly, many trials that were primarily concerned with relief of symptoms and improvement in quality of life failed to use patient reported outcomes, and even when they did these were rarely the primary outcome (contributing to the lack of impact of such findings on informing clinical practice 27).
The relative long survival, seen with both treatment arms in trial A was due to several reasons: firstly, the trial population was mainly consisting of locally advanced disease; secondly, this was a single institution study; thirdly and probably most importantly, the decision to continue treatment until death rather than until disease progression in this protocol.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com