Correlation with rating recall after one week was best when first-time ratings were requested as late as one day after injection (R2 = 0.79) indicating that both rating retrievals utilized similar memory traces.
Subjects were able to reliably discriminate pain magnitude and duration across capsaicin doses (both p < 0.001), regardless of whether first-time ratings were requested immediately, after one hour or after one day.
"There are more requests for first-time ratings and a market-wide pickup in issuances; the fact that this is changing is a big relief for these companies that have large refinancing needs," said Tommy Transk, an analyst at Standard & Poor's Rating Service based in Dubai.
It is the first time the ratings agency, which usually sticks to private industry, gave a look at local governments.
Two services that rate the creditworthiness of companies -- Moody's Investors Service and Standard & Poor's -- have for the first time assigned ratings to the Publicis Groupe, Paris.
This isn't the first time the ratings agencies have been the target of angry investors, including mutual funds and pension funds, which rely in large part on credit ratings to help assess the risks of securities they buy.
It is the first time the ratings have gone up for the show which has suffered a difficult reboot under Evans and his new team, from executive departures to reports of tension with his co-presenter, Matt LeBlanc, which surfaced again at the weekend.
NBC removed Mr. Zucker's predecessor, the entertainment president, Garth Ancier, after less than two years on the job -- and right after the network had actually finished first in this season's first prime-time ratings sweep period, in November.
The upfront deals also take into account for the first time the Nielsen ratings for shows that are played back after being captured by digital video recorders, as well as ratings of audience size for commercials rather than for programs.
Moody's reduced the country's credit-worthiness for the first time since its ratings began in 1978.
