For the first time, migrant workers were eligible for medical insurance, employer-paid pensions, unemployment insurance and other benefits, and they had a mechanism to challenge employer abuses.
Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 illustrate how the destinations of first-time migrants changed over time, with countries of destination classified into one of three regions: the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the European Union (EU), and the other region (comprising all non-CIS/non-EU destinations).
In those instances in which migrants arrived after the earliest adoption of any of the initiatives at hand, i.e. 2002, we instrument for their U.S. residential choice using: (a) the U.S. location where they resided during a migration spell prior to 2002, or (b) in the case of first-time migrants, the most common U.S. destination of migrants from their home community in Mexico prior to 2002.
As U.S. Magistrate Judge Peter Ormsby explained, the first-time migrants face a misdemeanor charge, with a maximum penalty of $10,000 and six months in jail.
This study has demonstrated the differences between the motivations of first-time migrants as compared with those reported by nurses with previous migratory experience, as well as the different motivations of Filipina and Indian nurses.
This paper challenges the restricted economic focus of this predominant theory and compares the diverse motivations of nurses from different countries as well as those of nurses with previous migratory experience and first-time migrants.
The cousin, a first-time migrant, proved harder to place and was still in Sardinia when Mr. Osmani — deported after a month — was interviewed for this article.
It is not obvious that a racing compass would have much natural use, for it would rely on resources always being located in the same direction, but it seems analogous, at least, to the innate compass orientation of first-time migrant birds (e.g. Newton, 2008) or the time-compensated sun compass control of migrant monarch butterflies (Mouritsen et al., 2013; Reppert et al., 2010).
"For the first time, a migrant who left his country for lack of opportunities found a way to return, and is triumphing," Mr. Bermúdez said.
Steve Lerner, one of the instigators of the 1980s Justice for Janitors campaign, which, for the first time, organised migrant cleaning workers in the US, explains how the tactic evolved.
