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In the first, spillovers through demonstration effect take place when a domestic firm improves its productivity by simply observing nearby foreign firms and copying some technology.
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First, spillover effects are critically important when measuring the overall effectiveness of windproof retrofitting measures.
The within-host evolution modeling below indicates that any host adaptation substitutions would only reach a small proportion of the total virus population in the first spillover host and, although potentially critical in the host-adaptation process, would not be detected with consensus sequencing.
ALGIERS, Algeria — In what could be the first spillover from France's intervention in Mali, Islamist militants attacked and occupied a natural gas complex partly operated by energy company BP in southern Algeria on Wednesday.
Hence, strategies to reduce the second spillover effect may reinforce the first spillover effect.
From the empirical evidence we conclude that the second spillover effect (reduced choice of basic insurance) is much stronger than the first spillover effect (risk selection in basic insurance).
We first discuss evidence of supplementary health insurance being used as a selection device in basic health insurance (the first spillover effect).
As a matter of fact, the presence of a strong second spillover effect may even counteract the first spillover effect, since the lack of mobility among high-risk individuals reduces the usefulness of supplementary insurance as a tool for risk selection.
The second spillover variable is the percentage of the county population without health insuranced.
A second spillover effect may result from high-risk individuals being locked in their current supplementary health insurance contract.
Then, we discuss whether high-risk individuals with supplementary insurance face a lock-in problem, which may reduce their choice of basic insurance (the second spillover effect).
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