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The chelicerae (first pair of appendages) bear silk-gland openings, and the pedipalps (second pair of appendages) are venomous pincers.
Spiracles, or breathing pores, when present, are at the base of the first pair of appendages or elsewhere on the front part of the body.
The chelicerae (first pair of appendages) are large toothed, jawlike pincers, and the leglike pedipalps (second pair of appendages) have suctorial tips for seizing prey.
They are predators; the first pair of appendages on the trunk are modified into a pair of claws with poison glands, which centipedes use to capture prey (usually other arthropods).
These and some subsequent studies considered deutocerebral antennae to be an autapomorphy of total-group Mandibulata and the raptorial first pair of appendages of pycnogonids and euchelicerates to be a symplesiomorphy of Euarthropoda19,24.
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The second pair of appendages, the pedipalps, are spiny pincers, and the third pair are long feelers.
The thorny-edged pedipalps (second pair of appendages) seize prey, and the third appendages are long, whiplike feelers.
Among predatory species of daddy longlegs, the pedipalps (second pair of appendages on the body) may be modified for grasping.
The second pair of appendages, the pedipalps, are modified in the males of all adult spiders to carry sperm (see below Reproduction and life cycle).
In male spiders the second pair of appendages (pedipalps) are each modified to form a complex structure for both holding sperm and serving as the copulatory organs.
He recognized a dozen superfamilies based on the morphology of the legs whether they were spiny, similar in appearance, and whether the sixth pair of appendages were modified as paddles.
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