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We find that a higher unemployment rate in the home region leads to an increase in the effect of the unemployment rate of the first neighbouring region.
The effect of unemployment of the first neighbouring districts becomes insignificant when the unemployment rate in the home district exceeds 20percentt.
To illustrate the results we provided marginal effect plots for the three different types of school leavers dropouts and graduates with lower or intermediate secondary degree for specific values of unemployment in home and first neighbouring districts (see Fig. 6).
While results for the home, the first neighbouring districts and the interaction between them remain almost unchanged compared with model 2, we find that the second neighbouring level does not provide significant results (Fig. 5).
Figure 4 is based on model 2 and shows AMEs for the impact of the average unemployment rate in the first neighbouring districts for specific plausible values of the unemployment rate in the home district.
A central component of our models are interaction terms: In addition to the additive effects of unemployment, we include interaction terms between unemployment rates in the home and first neighbouring region and a three-way interaction between home, first and second neighbouring regions.
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In a next step controls for unemployment in the second-order neighbouring district and a three-way interaction between unemployment in home district and first and second neighbouring ring are included in model 3 to further explore the spatial structure of the unemployment effect.
We argue that the neighbouring rings are of particular relevance when training chances are low in the home district because young adults in search for a training position focus on areas further afield (i.e. the first and second neighbouring rings) when unemployment is high and subsequently chances of entering dual training are low in the close range.
It came out that in the case of Ti 25.05 at%Nb 2.08 at%Sn, the dopant's s-electrons introduce low energy states (around −8 eV) with anti-bonding characteristics with the first and second neighbouring atoms, in line with the experimental findings suggesting lowering of Young modulus.
By trigonometry the distance of c1−c4 = 3.72 Å (r3) was calculated, which was the position of the third neighbouring atom.
From the chain model the position of the fourth neighbouring atom in the planar carbon chain was assessed to be twice the period of the zigzag c1−c5 = 2×2.41 = 4.82 Å (r4).
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