Jeanette: Blurtt is a company that is run by a Cuban-American, with another founder named Kuba Tymula who is not Cuban but Polish, and another founder named Laura Gurasich who has many skills – one of them is serving as my English-As-A-Second Language translator, as I learned English watching "Sesame Street".
Two independent bilingual translators including a health professional whose first language was Norwegian, translated the original version of the EC-17 into Norwegian and had a consensus meeting.
Three professional bilingual translators whose first language (L1) was Brazilian Portuguese translated independently.
First, the English version was translated to Swedish (forward translation) by 3 translators whose first language was Swedish, with one having no medical background.
Additionally there was a difference in main/first language spoken by attendees with Hospital 1 having a fifth of attendees stating English was not their main or first language and 7% requiring a translator at the hospital (Additional file 2: Table S2).
Traditional English-language book publishers tend to hire translators whose first language is English and who can really write in English, but who are fluent in another language.
Two independent bilingual translators including a health professional whose first language was English, then back translated the Norwegian version and had a consensus meeting.
I was a German language translator of literary works, at first a lot of poems.
Interviews and FGs were conducted under confidential conditions in the participants' first language (isiZulu) with the assistance of an isiZulu speaking translator, or otherwise in English, either at the AC, clinic or hospital.
* MA = Manuscript Architect Although we had high expectations regarding the possibility having a non-scientist translator converting text written by researchers whose first language was not the same as the target journal – most commonly English – the system was not efficient.
In translation, the translators are also affected by the features of their first language in construing the texture of the text.
