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It means careful research, allocating lots of time to reading, and gathering factual evidence from first hand sources.
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I'm currently working on a book that will, among other things, have a section focussing on fashion, sustainability and second hand sources.
Right or wrong, it's a consistent message over the last several weeks that has come from half a dozen or more second hand sources.
Raychaudhuri responded to Ramakrishnan's email requesting "not to form opinions based on second hand sources".
First-hand sources, for all their inconsistency, impartiality and frequent self-contradiction, remain the soundest foundation for a first person narrative and I grew to care very deeply for the lost boys whose spirits I aimed to recreate on the page.
"Crony Capitalism, U.S.A.," by Paul Krugman (column, Jan . 15, should not have relied on second-hand sources, including Red Herring Magazine, for information about the Carlyle Group.
It is true, as groups such as Human Rights Watch have pointed out, that Israel's refusal to co-operate forced Mr Annan to rely on second-hand sources.
Most of the human intelligence obtained by American spy agencies about Iraq's chemical weapons program, Mr. Tenet said, had come from third-hand sources whose reports were relayed by friendly foreign governments but which the United States still has not been able to verify.
This, together with the fact that most of her interviewees have been out of Iraq for quite a time, means that her account of the most recent events is largely from second-hand sources, though she does talk to women who still live in Iraq but are taking a brief respite in Amman.
(In reporting this story, Forbes tried to contact or access first-hand sources by various means.
Internationally, while first-hand sources on the cultural contributions of rural schools exist, these must be accessed before documentary studies of central policies over-write such history.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com