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As with the First Confiscation Act, the confiscation of slaves would be self-executing and require no further legal proceedings.
Nonetheless, the First Confiscation Act marked the beginning of a major shift in Union policy toward slavery.
In August 1861, the First Confiscation Act stripped slaveholders of their claim of ownership, but it failed to clarify whether the slaves were themselves free.
Unlike the First Confiscation Act, passed swiftly under the immediate pressure of the contraband question, winning approval for the second act required nearly the entire regular first session of the 37th Congress.
Two days after Lincoln signed the bill his secretary of war issued the instructions for implementing the first Confiscation Act, immediately freeing hundreds of slaves, and ultimately tens of thousands.
The Confederate law was inspired by the Union's First Confiscation Act of Aug. 6 1861, which laid the legal groundwork for Northern forces to confiscate Southerners' private property being used to aid the rebellion.
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Moreover, working with Congress, in 1861 and 1862, Lincoln signed the First and Second Confiscation acts, which allowed for the emancipation of slaves owned by rebel masters.
He also voted for the Second Confiscation Act of 1862, which clarified that slaves "confiscated" under the 1861 Act were freed.
The Second Confiscation Act, far more drastic than the first, was the great signal of Congress's shift.
The Second Confiscation Act itself hardly merited such vitriol: the absence of any enforcement mechanism or provisions for oversight rendered the act almost completely ineffectual.
While the debate over the Second Confiscation Bill reached its climax, Congress also considered a new bill concerning the raising of black troops.
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