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Results: Neonatal mortality was higher in the 2 11 parity group when compared with first born infants.
In contrast to the findings in the literature, however, we find that first born infants have higher birth weights than their non first born counterparts, holding other factors constant.
This was demonstrated clearly with increased odds of ASD without ID amongst older mothers aged 35 years and over (odds ratio (OR) = 1.69 [CI: 1.18, 2.43]), first born infants (OR = 2.78; [CI: 1.67, 4.54]), male infants (OR = 6.57 [CI: 4.87, 8.87]) and increasing socioeconomic advantage.
This is also the only parish with the highest mortality risk among the first born infants in 1850 1899.
In HIV-negative mothers, after adjusting for all other factors in Table II, parity was the only factor significantly associated with SGA, with first born infants having a higher probability of being SGA (aRR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.42 2.73).
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Where a multiple pregnancy occurred, data pertaining to the first born infant were used for analysis.
Four mothers had twins, in these cases we included only the first born infant in the study.
After adjustment, the only factor from the first birth associated with an increased likelihood of OASI recurrence was diabetes (aOR 1.76 95%CI 1.03, 3.01), with a first born infant of ≥4.0 kg associated with decreased likelihood.
Compared with second or third born infants with intervals of >2 years, fourth rank infants with 2 years interval or less had a significantly higher risk of infant mortality.
There were significantly higher odds of neonatal death among second or third born infants with intervals of >2 years, fourth rank infants with 2 years interval or less and mothers who reported previous death of a sibling.
Under-5 mortality was significantly associated with children whose mothers were in paid employment, children with previous death of a sibling, infants whose mothers were aged 30 39 years at the time of their birth, fourth rank children with an interval of ≤2 years and children who were second or third born infants with intervals of ≤2 years.
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