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Compose the first and second refrains.
Once you've brainstormed and compiled a list of rhyming words or phrases, create the first and second refrains.
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And while the politeness was sometimes through gritted teeth, the first and second law offices of the land quite properly refrained from an all-in slanging match.
Runners on first and second.
The villanelle is a nineteen-line poem made up of five triplets with a closing quatrain; the poem is characterized by having two refrains, initially used in the first and third lines of the first stanza, and then alternately used at the close of each subsequent stanza until the final quatrain, which is concluded by the two refrains.
There are two refrains and two repeating rhymes, with the first and third line of the first tercet repeated alternately until the last stanza, which includes both repeated lines.
First and third, nobody out.
So, if your first refrain is "The leopard paced around the metal cage," and your second refrain is "My brother and I didn't understand at that age," place them in the A1 and A2 lines of your villanelle.
Because of the unwieldy length of the refrains in such cases, the literary rondeau, which in the 15th century began to separate itself clearly from the sung rondeau, often curtailed the refrains in the second and fourth stanzas, leaving only a rentrement ("reentry") of the opening words.
The rondel often consists of 14 lines of 8 or 10 syllables divided into three stanzas (two quatrains and a sextet), with the first two lines of the first stanza serving as the refrain of the second and third stanzas.
The poem then ends with the first refrain, "A1" and the second refrain, "A2".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com